A horse race is a competition between several horses over a fixed distance. The sport dates back to ancient times, and it was a popular pastime among wealthy European nobles in the 17th century. It became a hugely popular spectator event in the United States in the early 20th century, and has become known as “the sport of kings.” A horse race is a dangerous activity, and many horses suffer severe injuries and deaths. It is also a highly profitable enterprise, and some owners exploit their horses in a cruel and exploitative manner. The practice of racing has been controversial and has come under intense criticism by animal rights groups, which contend that it is a form of animal cruelty. However, it has continued to thrive in the United States and other countries where gambling is legal.
To participate in a horse race, a horse must meet certain requirements, including having a pedigree and having been trained by a licensed trainer. The trainer must also have the permission of the horse’s owner to use the horse for racing.
The horse must be in peak physical condition, and it must have a clean veterinary record. It must be no more than three years old to run in a major race, and it must have completed at least two races in order to qualify for the Breeders’ Cup. It must also pass a pre-race examination, which includes blood work and radiographs. A trainer must be licensed by a state racing commission to train a horse. The trainer is responsible for the care of the horse during its training and racing, as well as for keeping records and reporting to state authorities.
During a race, a jockey rides on the back of the horse and uses a whip to guide the animal. The whip causes pain to the horse and can cause significant harm to the animal if it is used improperly. It is illegal to use a whip or tongue-tie in most races, and the possession of jiggers (battery-powered devices that deliver an electric shock) is punishable by law. Despite this, some trainers continue to use jiggers in an effort to coerce their horses into running faster.
In addition, some trainers have been accused of using drugs to make their horses perform better. Some of these drugs are designed to mask pain, while others are performance-enhancing. A common drug is furosemide, which is sold under the brand name Lasix. Animal welfare advocates argue that these substances are not suitable for use in a race, while some of the industry’s leaders believe self-regulation is the solution.
In addition, a trainer can increase a horse’s chances of winning by betting it to finish first or second. This is called a ‘show’ bet, and it pays out much less than if the horse wins. Those who bet to show are usually more confident in their selections than those who simply place their money on the winner.